List of World War I aces credited with 5 victories

Contents

[hide]

The term "ace" (now commonly flying ace) was first used by French newspapers during World War I, describing Adolphe Pégoud as l'as (the ace), after he downed five German aircraft.[1] At the beginning of World War I air combat had not been invented and aircraft were for reconnaissance only.[2] When aircraft began to shoot or force down other aircraft, systems to count "air victories" were subsequently developed.[3]

In the early stages of military aviation, different air services evolved different methods of assigning credit for aerial victories. None of these scoring systems were ironclad and they were all subject to flux. The actual number of air victories required to officially qualify as an "ace" varied.[4]

The Germans, who did not use the term "ace" but referred to German pilots who had shot down 10 aircraft as Überkanone (big gun), gave credit to a single pilot with each downing of a particular enemy aircraft, and then only after visual verification of the wreckage of the fallen craft or its occupant(s).[5] The French Armee de l'Air system also only counted aircraft destroyed, but granted full credit to every pilot or aerial gunner participating in a victory, which could sometimes be several individuals.[6][7] Most other nations (including the United States) adopted the French system. British aircraft often fought over German territory, and could not follow the German practice of visual verification of the wreckage of the fallen craft or its occupant(s).[8] Early fighting often only resulted in an opponent being forced to retreat or land ("driven down") within its own territory. Therefore, British practice awarded credit for combats endorsed as "decisive" by the commanding officer of his squadron; this could include German planes "driven down" or aircraft last seen "out of control" but not verified to have crashed.[9][10] Russian scores sometimes reflected defeats without destruction of the foe.[11] The term "ace" was never used officially by the British.[12]

While "ace" status was most often won by fighter pilots, bomber and reconnaissance crews, and observers in two-crew aircraft such as the Bristol F.2b (Bristol Fighter), also destroyed enemy aircraft. On both sides, if a two-crew aircraft destroyed an aircraft, both crew were credited with a victory. Because pilots usually teamed with differing observer/gunners in two-seater aircraft, an observer might be an ace when his pilot was not.[13]

List of World War I aces by victory count:

+20 • 15–19 • 11–14 • 10 • 9 • 8 • 7 • 6 • 5

See also

Legend

Abbreviations

      This along with †, indicates that the pilot was either killed in action (KIA), missing in action (MIA), died of wounds (DOW) or killed in a flying accident (KIFA) during World War I.

Awards

Award* indicates a bar is added to the ribbon for holders of the award who received a second award.
Award** and Award*** indicates a second or third bar is added to the ribbon for holders of the award and bar who received a third or fourth award.

Allies

Award Title Notes
AFC Air Force Cross Issued for acts of gallantry while flying on non-active operations to warrant officers and officers of the Royal Air Force[14]
CBE Order of the British Empire An order of chivalry established by George V of the United Kingdom
CdeG Croix de guerre A military decoration of France, also commonly bestowed to foreign military forces allied to France
BCdeG Croix de guerre A military decoration of Belgium, also commonly bestowed to foreign military forces allied to Belgium
CdeLd'H Croix de Légion d'honneur A decoration of France awarded for excellent civil or military conduct delivered, upon official investigation
CG Croce di Guerra A military decoration of Italy
DCM Distinguished Conduct Medal The second-level military decoration awarded other ranks of the British Army
DFC Distinguished Flying Cross Awarded to Royal Air Force commissioned officers and Warrant Officers "in recognition of exemplary gallantry during active operations against the enemy in the air"[15]
DFC(US) Distinguished Flying Cross (United States) Awarded to any officer or enlisted member of the US armed forces who "distinguishes himself or herself by heroism or extraordinary achievement while participating in aerial flight"[16]
DFM Distinguished Flying Medal Awarded to military below commissioned rank, "in recognition of exemplary gallantry during active operations against the enemy in the air"[15]
DSC Distinguished Service Cross Granted "in recognition of exemplary gallantry during active operations against the enemy at sea."[17]
DSC(US) Distinguished Service Cross Granted extreme gallantry and risk of life in actual combat with an armed enemy force[18]
DSO Distinguished Service Order Awarded for meritorious or distinguished service by officers of the armed forces during wartime, typically in actual combat[19]
DSM Distinguished Service Medal Other Ranks equivalent to the Distinguished Service Cross[17]
DSM(US) Distinguished Service Medal (United States) Awarded for "exceptionally meritorious service to the government of the United States"[20]
MC Military Cross Awarded to "all ranks of the RN, RM, Army, and RAF in recognition of exemplary gallantry during active operations against the enemy on land."[21]
MOH Medal of Honor The highest military decoration awarded by the United States government[22]
MiD Mentioned in Despatches Awarded for gallantry or otherwise commendable service
MM Military Medal Other Ranks equivalent to the Military Cross[21]
MM(Fr) Médaille militaire A decoration of the French Republic
MMV Medal of Military Valor Italian award
OB Order of the Bath The fourth-most senior of the British Orders of Chivalry
OC Order of the Crown (Belgium) A national decoration of Belgium
OLII Order of Leopold II Awarded for meritorious service to the Sovereign of Belgium
OR Order of the Redeemer Awarded to those who have defended the interests of Greece in time of war
OSA Order of St. Anna A Holstein and then Russian order of chivalry
OSG Order of St. George Awarded to military officers and generals only, for the display of highest valour and skills in the face of an exterior enemy
OSR Order of the Star of Romania Romania's highest civil order
OSS Order of Saint Stanislaus Russian Order for a distinguished career in civil or military service
OSV Order of St. Vladimir An Imperial Russian Order
OWE Order of the White Eagle Awarded in recognition of significant service, both military and civil, in the interests of Poland
Cr St Geo Cross of St. George Awarded to non-commissioned officers, soldiers and sailors for extreme bravery in face of the enemy (Russia)
VC Victoria Cross Highest British military decoration, awarded for valour in the face of the enemy[23]

Central Powers

HOH House Order of Hohenzollern An order of chivalry of the House of Hohenzollern
IC Iron Cross A military decoration of the Kingdom of Prussia, later Germany
MMC(AH) Military Merit Cross (Austria–Hungary) A military decoration of the Empire of Austria-Hungary
MMC(P) Military Merit Cross (Prussia) The highest bravery award of the Kingdom of Prussia for non-commissioned officers and enlisted soldiers
MMM Military Merit Medal (Austria–Hungary) A military decoration of the Empire of Austria–Hungary
MFB Medal for Bravery An Austria–Hungary military decoration
MOMJ Military Order of Max Joseph The highest purely military order of the Kingdom of Bavaria
MOSH Military Order of St. Henry A military order of the Kingdom of Saxony
OIC Order of the Iron Crown An Imperial Austrian order
OL Order of Leopold An Austrian order instituted to reward bravery in the face of the enemy
PLM Pour le Mérite The Kingdom of Prussia's highest military order until the end of World War I[24]
WB Wound Badge Awarded for wounded or frost-bitten soldiers of the Imperial German Army

Aces

- -

Name↓ Country↓ Air service(s)↓ Victories↓ Notes↓
Albert Achard  France Aéronautique Militaire 5 Legion d'Honneur, Croix de Guerre with six Palmes[25]
John Aldridge  United Kingdom Royal Flying Corps, Royal Air Force 5[26] Belgian Croix de Guerre
Michele Allasia  Italy Corpo Aeronautico Militare 5 Medal for Military Valor (3 silver awards, 1 bronze)
Antonio Amantea  Italy Corpo Aeronautico Militare 5 Medal for Military Valor (3 silver awards, 1 bronze)
George Benson Anderson  Canada Royal Naval Air Service, Royal Air Force 5[27]
Arnold Ansell  United Kingdom Royal Flying Corps, Royal Air Force 5
D'Urban Armstrong  South Africa Royal Flying Corps, Royal Air Force 5 Distinguished Flying Cross[28]
Anthony Arnold  United Kingdom Royal Naval Air Service, Royal Air Force 5 Distinguished Service Cross, Distinguished Flying Cross, Belgian Croix de Guerre[29]
Maurice Arnoux  France Aéronautique Militaire 5 Legion d'Honneur, Medaille Militaire, Croix de Guerre
Jean Arpheuil  France Aéronautique Militaire 5 Legion d'Honneur, Croix de Guerre
Edward Asbury  United Kingdom Royal Flying Corps, Royal Air Force 5
Lionel Ashfield  United Kingdom Royal Naval Air Service, Royal Air Force 5 Distinguished Flying Cross
Rupert Atkinson  United Kingdom Royal Flying Corps, Royal Air Force 5 Military Cross, Distinguished Flying Cross with Bar, Belgian Croix de Guerre
Hans Auer  Germany Luftstreitkräfte 5[30]
Frank Babbage  United Kingdom Royal Flying Corps, Royal Air Force 5[31]
William T. Badham  United States Aéronautique Militaire, US Army Air Service, United States Army Air Force 5 Distinguished Service Cross[32]
Lovell Baker  United Kingdom Royal Flying Corps, Royal Air Force 5[33]
Yves F. Barbaza  France Aéronautique Militaire 5 Legion d'Honneur, Croix de Guerre with three Palmes and an Etoile de vermeil[34]
Andre Barcat  France Aéronautique Militaire 5 Legion d'Honneur, Croix de Guerre with three Palmes and an Etoile de vermeil[35]
Bernard Bartels  Germany Luftstreitkräfte 5[36]
Auguste Baux  France Aéronautique Militaire 5 Medaille Militaire, Croix de Guerre
Louis Bawlf  Canada Royal Naval Air Service, Royal Air Force, Royal Canadian Air Force 5[37]
Sebastiano Bedendo  Italy Corpo Aeronautico Militare 5 Medal for Military Valor (1 silver, 1 bronze award)
Charles Gordon Bell  United Kingdom Royal Flying Corps, Royal Air Force 5[38]
William Benger  United Kingdom Royal Flying Corps 5 Military Medal
Risdon Mackenzie Bennett  United Kingdom Royal Naval Air Service, Royal Air Force 5[39]
Ronald Berlyn  United Kingdom Royal Naval Air Service, Royal Air Force 5
Joachim von Bertrab  Germany Luftstreitkräfte 5 Iron Cross First and Second Class[40]
Rudolf Besel  Germany Luftstreitkräfte 5[41]
Otto Bieleit  Germany Luftstreitkräfte 5[42]
Frank Billinge  United Kingdom Royal Flying Corps, Royal Air Force 5[43] Distinguished Flying Cross
Eduard Blaas  Germany Luftstreitkräfte 5[44]
Basil Blackett  United Kingdom Australian Flying Corps, Royal Air Force 5 Belgian Croix de Guerre
George Walker Blaiklock  Canada Royal Flying Corps, Royal Air Force 5
Arthur Winston Blake  South Africa Royal Flying Corps, Royal Air Force 5[45]
Georges Blanc  France Aéronautique Militaire 5 Legion d'Honneur, Medaille Militaire[46]
Alfred Blenkiron  United Kingdom Royal Flying Corps, Royal Air Force 5 Military Cross[47]
Charles Blizard  United Kingdom Royal Flying Corps, Royal Air Force 5
Marcel Bloch  France Aéronautique Militaire 5 Legion d'Honneur, Medaille Militaire, Croix de Guerre with seven Palmes, Russian Order of Saint George and Order of Saint Anne[48]
Hans-Helmut von Boddien  Germany Luftstreitkräfte 5[49]
Erich Bönisch  Germany Luftstreitkräfte 5[50]
William Otway Boger  Canada Royal Flying Corps, Royal Air Force 5 Distinguished Flying Cross[47]
William Bond  United Kingdom Royal Flying Corps, Royal Air Force 5 Distinguished Service Order, Military Cross with Bar[47]
Edward Borgfeldt Booth  Canada Royal Flying Corps, Royal Air Force 5[51]
Gustav Borm  Germany Luftstreitkräfte 5 [52]
Charles Borzecki  France Aéronautique Militaire 5 Legion d'Honneur, Medaille Militaire[53]
Alan Bott  United Kingdom Royal Flying Corps, Royal Air Force 5 Military Cross[51]
William Bottrill  Canada Royal Flying Corps, Royal Air Force 5 Distinguished Flying Cross
Francis Bowles  United Kingdom Royal Flying Corps, Royal Air Force 5
Hans Bowski  Germany Luftstreitkräfte 5[54]
Herbert Boy  Germany Luftstreitkräfte 5[55]
Harold Koch Boysen  United States Royal Flying Corps, Royal Air Force 5 Italian Silver Medal for Military Valor[56]
Otto von Breiten-Landenberg  Germany Luftstreitkräfte 5[57]
Godfrey Brembridge  United Kingdom Royal Flying Corps, Royal Air Force 5[58] Air Force Cross
Orlando Bridgeman  United Kingdom Royal Flying Corps, Royal Air Force 5 Military Cross
Allan Brown  Australia Australian Flying Corps 5 Distinguished Flying Cross[59]
Sydney Brown  United States Royal Flying Corps, Royal Air Force 5 Distinguished Flying Cross,[60]
John Bruce Norton  United Kingdom Royal Flying Corps, Royal Air Force 5
Harold Buckley  United States US Army Air Service 5 Distinguished Service Cross with Oak Leaf Cluster, French Croix de Guerre[61]
Alexandre Buisson  France Aéronautique Militaire 5 Medaille Militaire[62]
Friedrich-Karl Burckhardt  Germany Luftstreitkräfte 5 Royal House Order of Hohenzollern, Iron Cross First and Second Class, Bulgarian Topferkeit Medal[63]
Malcolm Burger  South Africa Royal Air Force 5 Distinguished Flying Cross
Julius Busa  Austria-Hungary Luftfahrtruppen 5 Medal for Bravery
Joseph Callaghan  United Kingdom Royal Flying Corps, Royal Air Force 5[64] Military Cross
Lawrence Callahan  United States Royal Air Force, US Army Air Service 5 British Distinguished Flying Cross[64]
Douglas Cameron  United Kingdom Royal Flying Corps, Royal Air Force 5[65] Sole recipient of French Medaille d'Honneur.
Pierre Cardon  France Aéronautique Militaire 5 Medaille Militaire, Croix de Guerre with four Palmes and an Etoile[66]
Edward Caulfield-Kelly  United Kingdom Royal Flying Corps, Royal Air Force 5
Lucien Cayol  France Aéronautique Militaire 5 Legion d'Honneur, Croix de Guerre with five Palmes and an Etoile de vermeil, an Etoile d'argent, and an Etoile de bronze[67]
James Child  United Kingdom Royal Flying Corps, Royal Air Force 5[68]
Karl Christ  Germany Luftstreitkräfte 5 Golden Deutchcross, Iron Cross First and Second Class, Hessiche Tapferkeit Medal[69]
Alexander Goodlet Clark[70]  Australia Australian Flying Corps 5[71]
William Clarke  United Kingdom Royal Flying Corps, Royal Air Force 5
Lewis Collins  United Kingdom Royal Flying Corps, Royal Air Force 5 Military Cross
Harry Compton  Canada Royal Flying Corps, Royal Air Force 5 Distinguished Flying Cross[72]
Everett Cook  United States Aéronautique Militaire, US Army Air Service 5 Distinguished Service Cross, Legion of Merit, Silver Star. French Legion d'Honneur, Croix de Guerre with Palme. Rose to the rank of Brigadier General[73]
Antoine Cordonnier  France Aéronautique Militaire 5 Legion d'Honneur, Croix de Guerre with seven Palmes[74]
George J. Cox  Australia Australian Flying Corps 5[75]
George Montague Cox  United Kingdom Royal Flying Corps, Royal Air Force 5 Military Cross[75]
Fergus Craig  United Kingdom Royal Air Force 5[75]
Kelvin Crawford  United Kingdom Royal Flying Corps, Royal Air Force 5[76]
Gerard Crole  United Kingdom Royal Flying Corps, Royal Air Force 5 Military Cross[76]
John Crompton  Canada Royal Flying Corps, Royal Air Force 5[77]
Theodor Croneiss  Germany Luftstreitkräfte 5 Royal House Order of Hohenzollern, Iron Cross First Class[78]
Robert James Cullen  United Kingdom Royal Flying Corps, Royal Air Force 5[79]
Lumsden Cummings  Canada Royal Flying Corps, Royal Air Force 5[80]
Frederick Cunninghame  United Kingdom Royal Flying Corps, Royal Air Force 5[81]
Wilhelm Cymera  Germany Luftstreitkräfte 5[82]
Sydney Dalrymple  Australia Royal Flying Corps, Royal Air Force 5 Distinguished Flying Cross[83]
Charles Darwin  United Kingdom Royal Flying Corps, Royal Air Force 5 Distinguished Service Order[84]
Clive Davies  United Kingdom Royal Flying Corps, Royal Air Force 5
Llewelyn Davies  United Kingdom Royal Flying Corps 5 Military Cross
Miles Day  United Kingdom Royal Naval Air Service 5 Distinguished Service Cross[85]
Honore de Bonald  France Aéronautique Militaire 5 Legion d'Honneur, Croix de Guerre with five Palmes, Italian Medal for Military Valor[86]
Philip De Fontenay  United Kingdom Royal Flying Corps, Royal Air Force 5[87]
Jean De Gaillard De la Valden  France Aéronautique Militaire 5 Medaille Militaire[88]
August Delling  Germany Luftstreitkräfte 5 Military Merit Order, Iron Cross First and Second Class[89]
Andre Delorme  France Aéronautique Militaire 5 Legion d'Honneur, Medaille Militaire, Croix de Guerre[90]
Bruno De Roeper  United Kingdom Royal Naval Air Service, Royal Air Force 5[91] Air Force Cross
Charles R. d'Olive  United States US Army Air Service 5 Distinguished Service Cross[92]
Edward Barfoot Drake  United Kingdom Royal Naval Air Service, Royal Air Force 5[93]
Jean Dubois de Gennes  France Aéronautique Militaire 5 Medaille Militaire, Croix de Guerre with four Palmes and an Etoile d'argent[94]
Chester S. Duffus  Canada Royal Flying Corps, Royal Air Force 5 Order of the British Empire, Military Cross[95]
William Dyke  United Kingdom Royal Flying Corps, Royal Air Force 5 Distinguished Conduct Medal, Distinguished Flying Medal,
Arthur Easterbrook  United States Royal Air Force, US Army Air Service 5 Distinguished Service Cross[96]
Edward Eaton  Canada Royal Flying Corps, Royal Air Force 5[97]
Charles Eddy  South Africa Royal Flying Corps, Royal Air Force 5
Herbert James Edwards  Australia Royal Flying Corps, Royal Air Force 5[98]
Horace Eldon  United Kingdom Royal Flying Corps, Royal Air Force 5
Hugh William Elliott  United Kingdom Royal Flying Corps, Royal Air Force 5[99]
William Elliott  Canada Royal Flying Corps, Royal Air Force 5 Distinguished Flying Cross
Sidney Emerson Ellis  Canada Royal Naval Air Service 5[99]
Henry Evans  United Kingdom Royal Air Force 5 Distinguished Service Order[100]
Wilhelm Fahlbusch  Germany Luftstreitkräfte 5[101] Iron Cross
Viktor Fedoroff  Russia Aéronautique Militaire 5 French Legion d'Honneur, Medaille Militaire, and Croix de Guerre
Ernest Foot  United Kingdom Royal Flying Corps, Royal Air Force 5 Military Cross[102]
George W. Furlow  United States US Army Air Service 5 Distinguished Service Cross with Oak Leaf Cluster[103]
Hudson Fysh  Australia Australian Flying Corps, Royal Air Force 5 Distinguished Flying Cross. Co-founder of QANTAS.
Ludwig Gaim  Germany Luftstreitkräfte 5 Military Merit Order, Iron Cross First and Second Class, Austro-Hungarian Medal for Bravery[104]
Richard Gammon  United Kingdom Royal Air Force 5 Distinguished Flying Cross
James Victor Gascoyne  United Kingdom Royal Air Force 5 Distinguished Flying Cross
Pierre Gauderman  France Aéronautique Militaire 5 Legion d'Honneur, Medaille Militaire, Croix de Guerre with five Palmes[105]
George Gauld  Canada Royal Flying Corps, Royal Air Force 5 Distinguished Flying Cross[106]
Harold H. George  United States US Army Air Service, United States Army Air Corps, United States Army Air Forces 5 Distinguished Service Cross, Distinguished Service Medal[107]
Eugene Gilbert  France Aéronautique Militaire 5 Legion d'Honneur, Medaille Militaire, Croix de Guerre with four Palmes[108]
Dennis Henry Stacey Gilbertson[109]  United Kingdom Royal Flying Corps, Royal Air Force 5[110]
Johannes Gildemeister  Germany Luftstreitkräfte 5[111]
Wilfred Bertie Giles  United Kingdom Royal Flying Corps, Royal Air Force 5[110]
John Gillanders  Canada Royal Flying Corps, Royal Air Force 5 Distinguished Flying Cross. Became justice of Supreme Court of Ontario.
William Gillespie  Canada Royal Flying Corps, Royal Air Force 5 French Croix de Guerre[110]
Juri Gilsher  Russia Imperial Army Air Service 5 Order of Saint George, Order of Saint Vladimir, Order of Saint Stanilas, Order of Saint Anne
William Gilson  United Kingdom Royal Naval Air Service, Royal Flying Corps, Royal Air Force 5
Harry Gompertz  United Kingdom Royal Flying Corps, Royal Air Force 5
Michael Gonne  United Kingdom Royal Flying Corps, Royal Air Force 5 Military Cross[112]
Herbert Barrett Good  United Kingdom Royal Flying Corps, Royal Air Force 5[112]
Henry Goodison  United Kingdom Royal Flying Corps, Royal Air Force 5[113]
Kenneth Gopsill  United Kingdom Royal Flying Corps 5
Richard Gordon-Bennett  United Kingdom Royal Flying Corps, Royal Air Force 5
Ronald Graham  United Kingdom Royal Naval Air Service, Royal Air Force 5 Distinguished Service Order, Distinguished Service Cross and Bar, Distinguished Flying Cross, Belgian Order of the Crown and Croix de Guerre. Retired as Air Vice-Marshal.[114]
Edward Grange  Canada Royal Naval Air Service, Royal Air Force 5 Distinguished Service Cross, French Croix de Guerre[115]
Charles Gossage Grey  United States Aéronautique Militaire, US Army Air Service 5 Distinguished Service Cross[116]
Edward Gribben  United Kingdom Royal Flying Corps, Royal Air Force 5 Military Cross[115]
Hugh Griffith  Canada Royal Flying Corps, Royal Air Force 5
William Grossart  United Kingdom Royal Flying Corps, Royal Air Force 5 Distinguished Flying Cross
Francis Guerrier  France Aéronautique Militaire 5 Legion d'Honneur, Medaille Militaire, Croix de Guerre with three Palmes, an Etoile de vermeil and three Etoiles de bronze[117]
Joseph-Henri Guiget  France Aéronautique Militaire 5 Legion d'Honneur, Medaille Militaire, Croix de Guerre with four Palmes and an Etoile de bronze[118]
Siegfried Gussmann  Germany Luftstreitkräfte 5[119]
Kurt Haber  Germany Luftstreitkräfte 5[120]
Edward Haight  United States US Army Air Service, United States Army Air Forces 5 Rose to Colonel in World War II[121]
Georges Halberger  France Aéronautique Militaire 5 Medaille Militaire, Croix de Guerre with four Palmes[122]
John Playford Hales  Canada Royal Naval Air Service, Royal Air Force 5[123]
John Herbert Hall  United Kingdom Royal Flying Corps, Royal Air Force 5 Only recipient of Belgian Decoration Militaire.
Robert Hall  South Africa Royal Flying Corps, Royal Air Force 5[123] Military Cross
Joseph E. Hallonquist  Canada Royal Flying Corps, Royal Air Force 5 Distinguished Flying Cross, Italian Medal for Military Valor[124]
Arthur William Hammond  United Kingdom Royal Flying Corps, Royal Air Force, Royal Canadian Air Force 5 Military Cross with Bar
Paul Hamot  France Aéronautique Militaire 5 Legion d'Honneur, Medaille Militaire, Croix de Guerre with three Palmes[125]
Earl Hand  Canada Royal Flying Corps, Royal Air Force 5 Distinguished Flying Cross,[126] French Croix de Guerre
August Hanko  Germany Luftstreitkräfte 5 Military Merit Cross[127]
James McKinley Hargreaves  United Kingdom Royal Flying Corps 5 Distinguished Conduct Medal
Howard Harker  United Kingdom Royal Flying Corps, Royal Air Force 5 Military Cross
Sir Arthur Harris, 1st Baronet  United Kingdom Royal Flying Corps, Royal Air Force 5 Order of the Bath, Order of the British Empire, Air Force Cross. Rose to CinC of Bomber Command and Marshal of the Royal Air Force.
Charles Harrison  United Kingdom Royal Flying Corps, Royal Air Force 5 Military Cross, French Croix de Guerre
William Harrop  United Kingdom Royal Flying Corps, Royal Air Force 5 Military Medal, French Croix de guerre, Mentioned in Despatches
Edward Hartigan  United Kingdom Royal Flying Corps 5
Marius Hasdenteufel  France Aéronautique Militaire 5 Medaille Militaire, Croix de Guerre with seven Palmes, an Etoile de vermeil and an Etoile d'argent, Belgian Order of the Crown[128]
Marcel Hauss  France Aéronautique Militaire 5 Medaille Militaire, Croix de Guerre with five Palmes and two Etoiles[129]
Hugh Hay  United Kingdom Royal Flying Corps, Royal Air Force 5 Military Cross[130]
Roger Hay  United Kingdom Royal Flying Corps 5 Military Cross[131]
Eustace Headlam  Australia Australian Flying Corps 5[132]
James Healy  United States US Army Air Service, United States Army Air Forces 5 Distinguished Service Cross, French Croix de Guerre[133]
Fredrich Hefty  Austria-Hungary Luftfahrtruppen 5 Medal for Bravery
Friedrich Hengst  Germany Luftstreitkräfte 5
Robert Herring  United Kingdom Royal Flying Corps, Royal Air Force 5 Military Cross
Kurt Hetze  Germany Luftstreitkräfte 5 Iron Cross
George Frederick Hines  United Kingdom Royal Air Force 5
William Hodgkinson  United Kingdom Royal Flying Corps, Royal Air Force 5
Les Holden  Australia Australian Flying Corps 5 Military Cross, Air Force Cross
Robert Holme  United Kingdom Royal Flying Corps, Royal Air Force 5 Military Cross
Paul Homo  France Aéronautique Militaire 5 Legion d'Honneur, Croix de Guerre with three Palmes and an Etoile de vermeil[134]
Percy Howe  South Africa Royal Flying Corps, Royal Air Force 5[135]
Malcolm Clifford Howell  United States Royal Flying Corps, Royal Air Force 5[136]
David Hughes  United Kingdom Royal Flying Corps 5 Distinguished Flying Cross[137]
Eric Yorath Hughes  United Kingdom Royal Flying Corps 5[138]
Thomas Hunter  United Kingdom Royal Air Force 5 Became ace after leg amputation.[139]
Cyril Edward Hurst  United Kingdom Royal Flying Corps, Royal Air Force 5[139]
George Hyde  United Kingdom Royal Flying Corps, Royal Air Force 5 Military Cross[140]
Jean Jannekeyn  France Aéronautique Militaire 5 Legion d'Honneur, Croix de Guerre with an Etoile de vermeil, an Etoile d'argent, and an Etoile de bronze[141]
Arthur Gordon Jarvis  United Kingdom Royal Flying Corps, Royal Air Force 5 Order of the British Empire, Distinguished Flying Cross. Retired as Group Captain.[142]
Charles Jeffs  United Kingdom Royal Flying Corps, Royal Air Force 5[142] Military Cross
Olans Johnsen  United Kingdom Royal Flying Corps, Royal Air Force 5 Distinguished Flying Cross
Percy Griffith Jones  United Kingdom Royal Flying Corps, Royal Air Force 5
Hermann Juhnke  Germany Luftstreitkräfte 5 Military Merit Cross, Iron Cross First Class[143]
Werner Junck  Germany Luftstreitkräfte 5 Rose to Generalleutnant in the Luftwaffe[144]
M. V. Kilroy  United Kingdom Royal Flying Corps, Royal Air Force 5
James Knowles  United States US Army Air Service 5 Distinguished Service Cross, French Croix de Guerre[145]
Wilhelm Kohlbach  Germany Luftstreitkräfte 5[146]
Nikolai Kokorin  Russia Imperial Army Air Service 5 Order of Saint George, Cross of Saint George, Order of Saint Anne
Johann Kopka  Germany Luftstreitkräfte 5[147]
Julius Kowalczik  Austria-Hungary Luftfahrtruppen 5 Medal for Bravery
Frederick J. Kydd  United Kingdom Royal Flying Corps, Royal Air Force 5
Franz Lahner  Austria-Hungary Luftfahrtruppen 5 Medal for Bravery (1 gold and 2 silver awards), Karl Troops Cross
Kenneth Laing  United Kingdom Royal Flying Corps, Royal Air Force 5[148]
Conrad Lally  Canada Royal Flying Corps, Royal Air Force 5 Military Cross with Bar, Air Force Cross
Friedrich Lang  Austria-Hungary Luftfahrtruppen 5 Order of the Iron Crown, Medal for Bravery, Military Merit Cross (2 awards), Military Merit Medal
David Langlands  United Kingdom Royal Flying Corps, Royal Air Force 5[149]
Sydney Frank Langstone  United Kingdom Royal Naval Air Service, Royal Air Force 5
Johann Lasi  Austria-Hungary Luftfahrtruppen 5 Medal for Bravery
James Latta  United Kingdom Royal Flying Corps, Royal Air Force 5 Military Cross[150]
Frederic Laurence  United Kingdom Royal Flying Corps, Royal Air Force 5 Military Cross[151]
Didier Lecour Grandmaison  France Aéronautique Militaire 5 Legion d'Honneur, Croix de Guerre with five Palmes[152]
Giulio Lega  Italy Corpo Aeronautico Militare 5 Medal for Military Valor (2 silver and 1 bronze awards), War Cross
Ernst Leman  Russia Imperial Army Air Service 5 Order of Saint George, Cross of Saint George, Order of Saint Stanilas, Order of Saint Anne
James Lennox  United Kingdom Royal Flying Corps, Royal Air Force 5 Italian War Cross[153]
Pierre Leroy De Boiseaumarie  France Aéronautique Militaire 5 Medaille Militaire, Croix de Guerre[154]
Wilhelm Leusch  Germany Luftstreitkräfte 5 Iron Cross First and Second Class[155]
Georges Lienhart  France Aéronautique Militaire 5 Medaille Militaire, Croix de Guerre with five Palmes and an Etoile de vermeil, Italian War Cross[156]
John Douglas Lightbody  United Kingdom Royal Naval Air Service, Royal Air Force 5[157]
Ernest Lindup  South Africa Royal Flying Corps, Royal Air Force 5 Military Cross[157]
Robert Hazen Little  Canada Royal Flying Corps, Royal Air Force 5[158]
John Lloyd Williams  United Kingdom Royal Flying Corps, Royal Air Force 5 Military Cross
Heinrich Lorenz  Germany Luftstreitkräfte 5[159]
Reginald Lowe  United Kingdom Royal Air Force 5
Frederick Luff  United States US Army Air Service attached to Royal Air Force 5 British Distinguished Flying Cross[160]
Charles Lupton  United Kingdom Royal Naval Air Service, Royal Air Force 5 Distinguished Service Cross with Bar
Colin Glen Orr MacAndrew  United Kingdom Royal Flying Corps 5[161]
Ross Morrison MacDonald  Canada Royal Flying Corps, Royal Air Force 5[162]
Harry MacKay  United Kingdom Royal Flying Corps 5
Loudoun MacLean  United Kingdom Royal Flying Corps, Royal Air Force 5 Military Cross[163]
Bela Macourek  Austria-Hungary Luftfahrtruppen 5 Military Merit Cross, Military Merit Medal, Hungarian Order of the Brave and Gold Bravery Medal for Officers
John Finley Noel MacRae  Canada Royal Flying Corps, Royal Air Force 5[164]
Francis Magoun  United States Royal Flying Corps, Royal Air Force 5 British Military Cross, Finnish Order of the Lion[165]
Paul Malavialle  France Aéronautique Militaire 5 Legion d'Honneur, Croix de Guerre with seven Palmes, Italian Medal for Military Valor, British Military Medal
Patrick Scarsfield Manley  Canada Royal Flying Corps, Royal Air Force 5[166]
Leslie Morton Mansbridge  United Kingdom Royal Flying Corps, Royal Air Force 5[167]
William Stanley Mansell  United Kingdom Royal Flying Corps 5[167]
Federico Martinengo  Italy Corpo Aeronautico Militare 5 Medal for Military Valor (2 silver awards), War Cross
Hans Marwede  Germany Luftstreitkräfte 5[168]
Stanley Masding  United Kingdom Royal Flying Corps, Royal Air Force 5
Guido Masiero  Italy Corpo Aeronautico Militare 5 Medal for Military Valor (3 silver awards, 1 bronze), Belgian Croix de Guerre
Jack Mason  United Kingdom Royal Flying Corps, Royal Air Force 5 Military Medal
William Drummond Matheson  Canada Royal Flying Corps, Royal Air Force 5 Military Cross
William Maxted  United Kingdom Royal Flying Corps, Royal Air Force 5
Ronald McClintock  United Kingdom Royal Flying Corps, Royal Air Force 5 Military Cross[169]
George McCormack  United Kingdom Royal Air Force 5
John McNeaney  Canada Royal Flying Corps, Royal Air Force 5 Distinguished Flying Cross[170]
Russell Fern McRae  Canada Royal Flying Corps, Royal Air Force 5[171]
Amedeo Mecozzi  Italy Corpo Aeronautico Militare 5 Medal for Military Valor (1 silver and 2 bronze awards), War Cross
Harold Medlicott  United Kingdom Royal Flying Corps, Royal Air Force 5[171]
Francis Mellersh  United Kingdom Royal Naval Air Service, Royal Air Force 5 Air Force Cross[172]
Erich Meyer  Germany Luftstreitkräfte 5[173]
Giorgio Michetti  Italy Corpo Aeronautico Militare 5 Medal for Military Valor (2 silver awards)
Zenos Miller  United States US Army Air Service 5[174]
Kenneth Charles Mills  United Kingdom Royal Flying Corps, Royal Air Force 5[175]
Harold Molyneux  Canada Royal Flying Corps, Royal Air Force 5 Distinguished Flying Cross[176]
Paul Montange  France Aéronautique Militaire 5 Legion d'Honneur, Medaille Militaire, Croix de Guerre with two Palmes, an Etoile de vermeil, an Etoile d'argent, and an Etoile de bronze[177]
John Towlson Morgan  United Kingdom Royal Flying Corps, Royal Air Force 5[178]
William John Mostyn[179]  United Kingdom Royal Flying Corps, Royal Air Force 5[178]
Harold Edgar Mott  Canada Royal Naval Air Service, Royal Air Force 5
Redford Mulock  Canada Royal Naval Air Service, Royal Air Force 5 Distinguished Service Order with Bar, Mentioned in Despatches, French Legion d'Honneur and Croix de Guerre. First Canadian ace; first RNAS ace.[180]
John Murison  United Kingdom Royal Flying Corps, Royal Air Force 5
Donald Frederick Murmann  United Kingdom US Army Air Service, Royal Air Force 5[178]
Ernest Mustard  Australia Australian Flying Corps 5 Distinguished Flying Cross
Kurt Nachod  Austria-Hungary Luftfahrtruppen 5 Order of the Iron Crown, Military Merit Cross, Military Merit Medal, German Iron Cross
Hugh Nangle  United Kingdom Royal Flying Corps, Royal Air Force 5
Roger Neville  United Kingdom Royal Flying Corps, Royal Air Force 5[181] Military Cross
Thomas Henry Newsome  United Kingdom Royal Air Force 5[182]
Augustin Novak  Austria-Hungary Luftfahrtruppen 5 Medal for Bravery (1st and 2nd class silver awards)
Percy Olieff  United Kingdom Royal Flying Corps, Royal Air Force 5
Thomas Alfred Oliver  United Kingdom Royal Flying Corps 5[183]
Ralph Ambrose O'Neill  United States US Army Air Service 5 Distinguished Service Cross with two Oak Leaf Clusters, French roix de guerre with an Etoile de bronze[184]
Ivan Orlov  Russia Imperial Army Air Service 5 Order of Saint George, Order of Saint Vladimir, Order of Saint Stanilas, Order of Saint Anne (3rd and 4th class awards), Cross of Saint George, French Croix de Guerre
Osborne Orr  United States Royal Naval Air Service, Royal Air Force 5 British Distinguished Flying Cross
Hans-Georg von der Osten  Germany Luftstreitkräfte 5 Iron Cross First and Second Class.[185] Commander of all Luftwaffe bases in Germany during World War II.
Ernest Edward Owen  United Kingdom Royal Flying Corps, Royal Air Force 5[186]
John Sidney Owens  United States US Army Air Service 5[187]
Antoine Paillard  France Aéronautique Militaire 5 Medaille Militaire[188]
Karl Patzelt  Austria-Hungary Luftfahrtruppen 5 Order of the Iron Crown, Military Merit Cross, Military Merit Medal, German Iron Cross
Carrick Paul  New Zealand Australian Flying Corps 5 Distinguished Flying Cross[189]
Georges Pelletier d'Oisy  France Aéronautique Militaire 5 Legion d'Honneur, Medaille Militaire, Croix de Guerre with four Palmes and an Etoile de vermeil. Rose to General de Brigade Aerienne[190]
Edward Pennell  United Kingdom Royal Flying Corps, Royal Air Force 5[191] Distinguished Flying Cross, French Croix de Guerre
Andre Petit-Delchet  France Aéronautique Militaire 5 Medaille Militaire, Croix de Guerre with four Palmes and three Etoiles[192]
Edmund Heaton Peverell[193]  United Kingdom Royal Flying Corps, Royal Air Force 5[191]
Charles Pickthorn  United Kingdom Royal Flying Corps, Royal Air Force 5 Military Cross[194]
Gerald Pilditch  South Africa Royal Flying Corps, Royal Air Force 5 Military Cross
Alexander Pishvanov  Russia Imperial Army Air Service 5 Order of Saint George, Cross of Saint George (1st, 2nd, 3rd, and 4th class awards), Order of Saint Stanilas, Order of Saint Vladimir, Order of Saint Anne
Sidney Platel  United Kingdom Royal Flying Corps, Royal Air Force 5
Constant Plessis  France Aéronautique Militaire 5 Legion d'Honneur, Medaille Militaire, Croix de Guerre, Belgian Croix de Guerre with six Palmes[195]
George Ramsden Poole  United Kingdom Royal Flying Corps, Royal Air Force 5[196]
Kenneth Porter  United States US Army Air Service 5 Distinguished Service Cross, French Croix de Guerre with Palme[197]
François Portron  France Aéronautique Militaire 5 Legion d'Honneur, Croix de Guerre with five Palmes and two Etoiles de vermeil[198]
Harold Johnstone Pratt  United Kingdom Royal Flying Corps, Royal Air Force 5[199]
Walbanke Ashby Pritt  United Kingdom Royal Flying Corps, Royal Air Force 5 Military Cross,[200] Distinguished Flying Cross
Thomas Proctor  United Kingdom Royal Flying Corps, Royal Air Force 5
John Pugh  Canada Royal Flying Corps, Royal Air Force 5 Military Cross, Distinguished Flying Cross
Hartley Pullan  United Kingdom Royal Flying Corps, Royal Air Force 5 Distinguished Flying Cross
Eduard Pulpe  Russia Aéronautique Militaire, Imperial Army Air Service 5 Order of Saint George, French Medaille Militaire and Croix de guerre
W. C. Purvis  United Kingdom Royal Flying Corps, Royal Air Force 5
Orville Ralston  United States Royal Flying Corps, Royal Air Force, US Army Air Service, United States Army Air Corps, United States Army Air Forces 5[201] Distinguished Service Cross[202]
Arthur Rullion Rattray  United Kingdom Royal Flying Corps, Royal Air Force 5 Rose to Rear Admiral; knighted in 1948.
Georges Raymond  France Aéronautique Militaire 5 Legion d'Honneur, Croix de Guerre
John William Rayner  United Kingdom Royal Flying Corps, Royal Air Force 5 Member of the British Empire. Retired as Wing Commander.[203]
Victor Regnier  France Aéronautique Militaire 5 Legion d'Honneur, Croix de Guerre with six Palmes and an Etoile de vermeil and an Etoile de bronze
Guy Reid  United Kingdom Royal Flying Corps 5 Military Cross
Leopold Reimann  Germany Luftstreitkräfte 5 Iron Cross First and Second Class, Military Order of Saint Henry[204]
Alessandro Resch  Italy Corpo Aeronautico Militare 5 Silver Medal of Military Valor and Bronze Medal of Military Valor, War Cross
Charles Revol-Tissot  France Aéronautique Militaire 5 Legion d'Honneur, Medaille Militaire[205]
Alan Incell Riley alias A. G. Riley[206]  United Kingdom Royal Flying Corps, Royal Air Force 5
Louis Rissacher  France Aéronautique Militaire 5 Legion d'Honneur, Croix de Guerre with four Palmes and an Etoile de bronze, 1939-45 Croix de guerre[207]
Maurice Robert  France Aéronautique Militaire 5 Medaille Militaire, Croix de Guerre with four Palmes[208]
Norman Roberts  United Kingdom Royal Flying Corps, Royal Air Force 5 Distinguished Flying Cross[209]
John Robertson  United Kingdom Royal Flying Corps 5
Paul Rodde  France Aéronautique Militaire 5[210]
Alois Rodlauer  Austria-Hungary Luftfahrtruppen 5 Order of the Iron Crown, Military Merit Cross, Medal for Bravery (1st class silver and bronze awards), Military Merit Medal
Jacques Roques Switzerland (flag needed) Aéronautique Militaire 5 Medaille Militaire, Croix de Guerre, Belgian Croix de Guerre
Hans Rosencrantz  Germany Luftstreitkräfte 5[211] Iron Cross
Paul Rothe[212]  Germany Luftstreitkräfte 5 Iron Cross
Maurice Rousselle  France Aéronautique Militaire 5 Medaille Militaire, Croix de Guerre with five Palmes[213]
Richard Rübe  Germany Luftstreitkräfte 5[214]
Theodor Rumpel  Germany Luftstreitkräfte 5 Iron Cross First Class[215]
John Russell  Canada Royal Flying Corps, Royal Air Force 5 Distinguished Flying Cross
Giovanni Sabelli  Italy Corpo Aeronautico Militare 5 2 Silver Medal of Military Valor
Mikhail Safonov  Russia Imperial Army Air Service 5 Order of Saint Vladimir, Order of Saint Anne
William Sanday  United Kingdom Royal Flying Corps, Royal Air Force 5 Distinguished Service Order, Military Cross[216]
Robert Saundby  United Kingdom Royal Flying Corps, Royal Air Force 5 Order of the Bath, Order of the British Empire Military Cross, Air Force Cross. Retired as Air Vice-Marshal in 1946.
Basile Saune  France Aéronautique Militaire 5 Croix de Guerre[217]
Edward Sayers  United Kingdom Royal Flying Corps, Royal Air Force 5 French Medaille Militaire and Croix de Guerre.
Johann Schlimpen  Germany Luftstreitkräfte 5[218]
Roman Schneider  Germany Luftstreitkräfte 5 Iron Cross First and Second Class[219]
Herbert Schroeder  Germany Luftstreitkräfte 5[220]
Friedrich Schumaker  Germany Luftstreitkräfte 5 Iron Cross[221]
Konrad Schwartz  Germany Luftstreitkräfte 5[222]
Alan John Lance Scott  New Zealand Royal Flying Corps, Royal Air Force 5 Military Cross[223]
Joseph Powell Seabrook  United Kingdom Royal Flying Corps, Royal Air Force 5[224]
John Seerly  United States US Army Air Service, United States Army Air Corps, United States Army Air Forces 5[225]
Kurt Seit  Germany Luftstreitkräfte 5 Iron Cross First Class, Silver Wound Badge[226]
Christopher Shannon  United Kingdom Royal Flying Corps, Royal Air Force 5 Distinguished Flying Medal
Frank Sharpe  United Kingdom Royal Flying Corps, Royal Air Force 5[227]
Harold Goodman Shoemaker  United States US Army Air Service attached to Royal Air Force, US Army Air Service 5[228]
Eugen Siempelkamp  Germany Luftstreitkräfte 5[229]
Francis Simonds  United States US Army Air Service 5[230] French Croix de Guerre
Eric Landon Simonson  Australia Australian Flying Corps 5[231]
Lambert Sloot  United Kingdom Royal Flying Corps, Royal Air Force 5
Wallace Alexander Smart  United Kingdom Royal Flying Corps, Royal Air Force 5[232]
George Henry Benjamin Smith  United Kingdom Royal Flying Corps, Royal Air Force 5
Harry Coleman Smith  United Kingdom Royal Naval Air Service, Royal Air Force 5[233]
James Robert Smith  Canada Royal Flying Corps, Royal Air Force 5 French Croix de Guerre
Sydney Philip Smith  United Kingdom Royal Flying Corps, Royal Air Force 5 Distinguished Service Order, French Croix de Guerre[234]
William Thomas Smith  United Kingdom Royal Flying Corps, Royal Air Force, Royal Australian Air Force 5 Distinguished Conduct Medal
Neil Smuts  South Africa Royal Flying Corps, Royal Air Force 5[235] Distinguished Flying Cross
Wilfred Sneath  United Kingdom Royal Naval Air Service, Royal Air Force 5[235]
Wilhelm Sommer  Germany Luftstreitkräfte 5[236]
Ian Oliver Stead  South Africa Royal Flying Corps, Royal Air Force 5[237]
Helmut Steinbrecher  Germany Luftstreitkräfte 5 Iron Cross First and Second Class[238]
Thomas Frederick Stephenson  United Kingdom Royal Flying Corps 5 Distinguished Conduct Medal[239]
Frank Stevens  United Kingdom Royal Flying Corps, Royal Air Force 5[240] Order of the British Empire
Oliver Stewart  United Kingdom Royal Flying Corps, Royal Air Force 5 Military Cross, Air Force Cross[241]
Wilhelm Stör  Germany Luftstreitkräfte 5 Iron Cross First Class[242]
Claud Stokes  United Kingdom Royal Flying Corps, Royal Air Force 5 Distinguished Flying Cross
Victor Strahm  United States US Army Air Service, 5 Distinguished Service Cross. Rose to rank of Brigadier General[243]
Karl Strünklenberg  Germany Luftstreitkräfte 5 Iron Cross First Class[244]
Rudolf Szepessy-Sokol  Austria-Hungary Luftfahrtruppen 5 Military Merit Medal, Medal for Bravery, Order of Leopold, Romanian Order of the Crown
Edgar Taylor  United States Royal Flying Corps, Royal Air Force 5[245]
Patrick Gordon Taylor  Australia Royal Flying Corps, Royal Air Force 5 Military Cross
Karl Teichmann  Austria-Hungary Luftfahrtruppen 5 Medal for Bravery (1 gold and 2 silver awards)
William Thaw  United States Aéronautique Militaire, US Army Air Service 5 Distinguished Service Cross with Oak Leaf Cluster, French Legion d'Honneur and Croix de Guerre with four Palmes and two Etoiles[246]
Wilhelm Thöne  Germany Luftstreitkräfte 5 Iron Cross First Class[247]
Meredith Thomas  United Kingdom Royal Flying Corps, Royal Air Force 5 Order of the British Empire, Distinguiished Flying Cross, Air Force Cross. Rose to Air Vice-Marshal in World War II.
Anthony Joseph Hill Thornton  United Kingdom Royal Flying Corps, Royal Air Force 5
Alwin Thurm  Germany Luftstreitkräfte 5[248]
William Tipton  United States US Army Air Service attached to Royal Air Force, US Army Air Service, United States Army Air Corps 5[249] Rose to command Maryland Air National Guard.
George Donald Tod  United States Royal Flying Corps, Royal Air Force 5[250]
Robert Miles Todd  United States US Army Air Service 5 Purple Heart[251]
Oswald Traenkner  Germany Luftstreitkräfte 5[252]
Herbert Travers  United Kingdom Royal Naval Air Service, Royal Air Force 5 Distinguished Service Cross[253]
Gerold Tschentschel  Germany Luftstreitkräfte 5
John Seymour Turnbull  Australia Royal Flying Corps, Royal Air Force 5[254]
Arthur Henry Turner  United Kingdom Royal Naval Air Service, Royal Air Force 5[255]
Alfred Ulmer  Germany Luftstreitkräfte 5[256]
Karl Urban  Austria-Hungary Luftfahrtruppen 5 Medal for Bravery (1 gold and 3 silver awards)
Gilbert J. Uteau  France Aéronautique Militaire 5 Medaille Militaire, Croix de Guerre with six Palmes and an Etoile[257]
John Vessey  United Kingdom Royal Flying Corps 5
Hans Viebig  Germany Luftstreitkräfte 5[258]
Pierre Violet-Marty  France Aéronautique Militaire 5 Medaille Militaire, Croix de Guerre with five Palmes and an Etoile de vermeil, British Military Medal[259]
Werner Wagener  Germany Luftstreitkräfte 5 Iron Cross, Silver Wound Badge, Austro-Hungarian Military Merit Cross[260]
Kenneth MacKenzie Walker[261]  United Kingdom Royal Flying Corps, Royal Air Force 5[262]
William Walker  United Kingdom Royal Flying Corps, Royal Air Force 5 Distinguished Conduct Medal
John Wallwork  United Kingdom Royal Flying Corps, Royal Air Force 5 Military Cross[263]
Edward Henry Ward  United Kingdom Royal Flying Corps, Royal Air Force 5
Hasso von Wedel  Germany Luftstreitkräfte 5 Iron Cross[264]
George Arthur Welsh  Canada Royal Flying Corps, Royal Air Force 5[265] Belgian Croix de Guerre
Pierre Wertheim (Wertheimer)  France Aéronautique Militaire 5 Legion d'Honneur, Croix de Guerre with four Palmes and three Etoiles de vermeil[266]
Mortimer Sackville West  United Kingdom Royal Flying Corps 5[265]
Lewis Whitehead  United Kingdom Royal Flying Corps, Royal Air Force 5[267]
Charles Whitham  United Kingdom Royal Flying Corps, Royal Air Force 5
Robert Kenneth Whitney  Canada Royal Flying Corps, Royal Air Force 5 Distinguished Flying Cross[268]
Ernst Wiessner  Germany Luftstreitkräfte 5
Edward George Herbert Caradoc Williams  United Kingdom Royal Flying Corps 5[269]
Francis Jefferies Williams  United Kingdom Royal Flying Corps, Royal Air Force 5[269]
Cecil Frederick Charles Wilson  United Kingdom Royal Flying Corps, Royal Air Force 5[270]
Rupert Randolph Winter  United Kingdom Royal Naval Air Service 5[271]
Kurt Wisseman  Germany Luftstreitkräfte 5 Iron Cross[272]
Franz Wognar  Austria-Hungary Luftfahrtruppen 5 Medal for Bravery (1 gold and 4 silver awards)
John Womersley  United Kingdom Royal Flying Corps 5 Military Cross
Charles Woollven  United Kingdom Royal Flying Corps, Royal Air Force 5[273] Military Cross
Charles Edward Worthington  United Kingdom Royal Flying Corps, Royal Air Force 5[273]
Victor Maslin Yeates  United Kingdom Royal Flying Corps, Royal Air Force 5[274]
Graham Conacher Young[275]  United Kingdom Royal Flying Corps, Royal Air Force 5[274]
Martin Zander  Germany Luftstreitkräfte 5[276] Iron Cross
Edmund Leonard Zink  United Kingdom Royal Flying Corps, Royal Air Force 5[277]
Top   A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z
Legend   Awards:   Allies   Central Powers 

[278]

References

  1. ^ Maksel, Rebecca (7 April 2008). "What does it take to become an "ace"?". Need to Know. Air & Space Magazine. http://www.airspacemag.com/need-to-know/Aces_High.html. Retrieved 20 October 2009. 
  2. ^ Shores, 2001. p. 6
  3. ^ Franks, 2000. p. 7
  4. ^ Kennett, 1999. p. 163
  5. ^ Franks, 2001. p. 7
  6. ^ Franks, 2000. p. 44
  7. ^ "World War I Aerial Victory Credits". Air Force Historical Reasearch Agency. http://www.afhra.af.mil/factsheets/factsheet.asp?id=11417. Retrieved 20 October 2009. 
  8. ^ Shores, 2001. p. 47
  9. ^ Shores, 2001. p. 48
  10. ^ Franks, 2000. pp. 7–8, 15–16
  11. ^ Franks, 2000. p. 83
  12. ^ Maksel, Rebecca (7 April 2008). "What does it take to become an "ace"?". Need to Know. Air & Space Magazine. http://www.airspacemag.com/need-to-know/Aces_High.html. Retrieved 07 November 2009. "Raymond Toliver and Trevor Constable's 1965 book, Fighter Aces, notes that although the British, like the Americans, never officially accepted the term [ace]..." 
  13. ^ Franks, Bailey, Guest, 1993. p. 10
  14. ^ "Air Force Cross". UK Ministry of Defence. http://www.mod.uk/DefenceInternet/DefenceFor/Veterans/Medals/AirForceCross.htm. Retrieved 07 November 2009. 
  15. ^ a b "Distinguished Flying Cross". UK Ministry of Defence. http://www.mod.uk/DefenceInternet/DefenceFor/Veterans/Medals/DistinguishedFlyingCross.htm. Retrieved 07 November 2009. 
  16. ^ "Distinguished Flying Cross". www.tioh.hqda.pentagon.mil. http://www.tioh.hqda.pentagon.mil/Awards/DFC1.html. Retrieved 08 November 2009. 
  17. ^ a b "Distinguished Service Cross". UK Ministry of Defence. http://www.mod.uk/DefenceInternet/DefenceFor/Veterans/Medals/DistinguishedServiceCross.htm. Retrieved 07 November 2009. 
  18. ^ "Distinguished Service Cross". The Institute of Heraldry. http://www.tioh.hqda.pentagon.mil/Awards/distinguished_srv_cross.aspx. Retrieved 06 February 2011. 
  19. ^ "Distinguished Service Order". UK Ministry of Defence. http://www.mod.uk/DefenceInternet/DefenceFor/Veterans/Medals/DistinguishedServiceOrder.htm. Retrieved 09 December 2009. 
  20. ^ "Distinguished Service Medal". www.tioh.hqda.pentagon.mil. http://www.tioh.hqda.pentagon.mil/Awards/DISTINGUISHED%20SERVICE%20MEDAL1.htm. Retrieved 08 December 2009. 
  21. ^ a b "Military Cross (MC)". UK Ministry of Defence. http://www.mod.uk/DefenceInternet/DefenceFor/Veterans/Medals/MilitaryCrossmc.htm. Retrieved 07 November 2009. 
  22. ^ "The Medal of Honor". Congressional Medal of Honor Society. http://www.cmohs.org/. Retrieved 08 December 2009. 
  23. ^ "Victoria Cross". UK Ministry of Defence. http://www.mod.uk/DefenceInternet/DefenceFor/Veterans/Medals/VictoriaCross.htm. Retrieved 09 December 2009. 
  24. ^ "pourlemerite.org". pourlemerite.org. http://www.pourlemerite.org/. Retrieved 20 October 2009. 
  25. ^ Over the Front, p. 112.
  26. ^ Shores, et al (1990). Above the Trenches: A Complete Record of the Fighter Aces and Units of the British Empire Air Forces, 1915-1920. p. 49.
  27. ^ Shores, et al (1990). Above the Trenches: A Complete Record of the Fighter Aces and Units of the British Empire Air Forces, 1915-1920. p. 51.
  28. ^ Shores, et al (1990). Above the Trenches: A Complete Record of the Fighter Aces and Units of the British Empire Air Forces, 1915-1920. p. 52.
  29. ^ Shores, et al (1990). Above the Trenches: A Complete Record of the Fighter Aces and Units of the British Empire Air Forces, 1915-1920. p. 53.
  30. ^ Franks, et al, Above the Lines: The Aces and Fighter Units of the German Air Service, Naval Air Service and Flanders Marine Corps 1914-1918, p. 63.
  31. ^ Shores, et al (1990). Above the Trenches: A Complete Record of the Fighter Aces and Units of the British Empire Air Forces, 1915-1920. p. 56.
  32. ^ Over the Front, p. 20.
  33. ^ Shores, et al (1990). Above the Trenches: A Complete Record of the Fighter Aces and Units of the British Empire Air Forces, 1915-1920. p. 57.
  34. ^ Over the Front, pp. 115-116.
  35. ^ Over the Front, pp. 116-1167.
  36. ^ Franks, et al, Above the Lines: The Aces and Fighter Units of the German Air Service, Naval Air Service and Flanders Marine Corps 1914-1918, p. 66.
  37. ^ Shores, et al (1990). Above the Trenches. p. 66.
  38. ^ Shores, et al (1990). Above the Trenches: A Complete Record of the Fighter Aces and Units of the British Empire Air Forces, 1915-1920. p. 71.
  39. ^ Shores, et al (1990). Above the Trenches. pp. 74-75.
  40. ^ Franks, et al, Above the Lines: The Aces and Fighter Units of the German Air Service, Naval Air Service and Flanders Marine Corps 1914-1918, p. 72.
  41. ^ Franks, et al, Above the Lines, p. 73.
  42. ^ Franks, et al, Above the Lines, p. 73.
  43. ^ Shores, et al (1990). Above the Trenches: A Complete Record of the Fighter Aces and Units of the British Empire Air Forces, 1915-1920. p. 75.
  44. ^ Franks, et al, Above the Lines: The Aces and Fighter Units of the German Air Service, Naval Air Service and Flanders Marine Corps 1914-1918, pp. 74-75.
  45. ^ Shores, et al (1990). Above the Trenches: A Complete Record of the Fighter Aces and Units of the British Empire Air Forces, 1915-1920. p. 79.
  46. ^ Over the Front, p. 120.
  47. ^ a b c Shores, et al (1990). Above the Trenches: A Complete Record of the Fighter Aces and Units of the British Empire Air Forces, 1915-1920. p. 80.
  48. ^ Over the Front, p. 120.
  49. ^ Franks, et al, Above the Lines: The Aces and Fighter Units of the German Air Service, Naval Air Service and Flanders Marine Corps 1914-1918, p. 75.
  50. ^ Franks, et al, Above the Lines: The Aces and Fighter Units of the German Air Service, Naval Air Service and Flanders Marine Corps 1914-1918, p. 82.
  51. ^ a b Shores, et al (1990). Above the Trenches: A Complete Record of the Fighter Aces and Units of the British Empire Air Forces, 1915-1920. p. 82.
  52. ^ Franks, et al, Above the Lines: The Aces and Fighter Units of the German Air Service, Naval Air Service and Flanders Marine Corps 1914-1918, p. 83.
  53. ^ Over the Front, pp. 121-122.
  54. ^ Franks, et al, Above the Lines: The Aces and Fighter Units of the German Air Service, Naval Air Service and Flanders Marine Corps 1914-1918, p. 83.
  55. ^ Franks, et al, Above the Lines: The Aces and Fighter Units of the German Air Service, Naval Air Service and Flanders Marine Corps 1914-1918, pp. 83-84.
  56. ^ Shores, et al (1990). Above the Trenches: A Complete Record of the Fighter Aces and Units of the British Empire Air Forces, 1915-1920. p. 84.
  57. ^ Franks, et al, Above the Lines: The Aces and Fighter Units of the German Air Service, Naval Air Service and Flanders Marine Corps 1914-1918, p. 85.
  58. ^ Shores, et al (1990). Above the Trenches: A Complete Record of the Fighter Aces and Units of the British Empire Air Forces, 1915-1920. p. 85.
  59. ^ Shores, et al (1990). Above the Trenches. p. 89.
  60. ^ Shores, et al (1990). Above the Trenches. p. 90.
  61. ^ Over the Front, pp. 26-27.
  62. ^ Over the Front, pp. 126-127.
  63. ^ Franks, et al, Above the Lines, p. 91.
  64. ^ a b Shores, et al (1990). Above the Trenches: A Complete Record of the Fighter Aces and Units of the British Empire Air Forces, 1915-1920. p. 95.
  65. ^ Shores, et al (1990). Above the Trenches: A Complete Record of the Fighter Aces and Units of the British Empire Air Forces, 1915-1920. p. 96.
  66. ^ Over the Front, p. 128.
  67. ^ Over the Front, pp. 129-130.
  68. ^ Shores, et al (1990). Above the Trenches: A Complete Record of the Fighter Aces and Units of the British Empire Air Forces, 1915-1920. p. 103.
  69. ^ Franks, et al, Above the Lines: The Aces and Fighter Units of the German Air Service, Naval Air Service and Flanders Marine Corps 1914-1918, p. 92.
  70. ^ Retrieved 24 August 2011.
  71. ^ Shores, et al (1990). Above the Trenches: A Complete Record of the Fighter Aces and Units of the British Empire Air Forces, 1915-1920. p. 105.
  72. ^ Shores, et al (1990). Above the Trenches: A Complete Record of the Fighter Aces and Units of the British Empire Air Forces, 1915-1920. p. 117.
  73. ^ Over the Front, pp. 32-33.
  74. ^ Over the Front, pp. 135-136.
  75. ^ a b c Shores, et al (1990). Above the Trenches: A Complete Record of the Fighter Aces and Units of the British Empire Air Forces, 1915-1920. p. 124.
  76. ^ a b Shores, et al (1990). Above the Trenches: A Complete Record of the Fighter Aces and Units of the British Empire Air Forces, 1915-1920. p. 125.
  77. ^ Shores, et al (1990). Above the Trenches: A Complete Record of the Fighter Aces and Units of the British Empire Air Forces, 1915-1920. p. 126.
  78. ^ Franks, et al, Above the Lines: The Aces and Fighter Units of the German Air Service, Naval Air Service and Flanders Marine Corps 1914-1918, p. 94.
  79. ^ Shores, et al (1990). Above the Trenches: A Complete Record of the Fighter Aces and Units of the British Empire Air Forces, 1915-1920. p. 127.
  80. ^ Shores, et al (1990). Above the Trenches: A Complete Record of the Fighter Aces and Units of the British Empire Air Forces, 1915-1920. p. 128.
  81. ^ Shores, et al (1990). Above the Trenches: A Complete Record of the Fighter Aces and Units of the British Empire Air Forces, 1915-1920. p. 129.
  82. ^ Franks, et al, Above the Lines: The Aces and Fighter Units of the German Air Service, Naval Air Service and Flanders Marine Corps 1914-1918, p. 95.
  83. ^ Shores, et al (1990). Above the Trenches: A Complete Record of the Fighter Aces and Units of the British Empire Air Forces, 1915-1920. p. 132.
  84. ^ Shores, et al (1990). Above the Trenches: A Complete Record of the Fighter Aces and Units of the British Empire Air Forces, 1915-1920. p. 132-133.
  85. ^ Shores, et al (1990). Above the Trenches, p. 137.
  86. ^ Over the Front, p. 139.
  87. ^ Shores, et al (1990). Above the Trenches, p. 138.
  88. ^ Over the Front, p. 141.
  89. ^ Franks, et al, Above the Lines: The Aces and Fighter Units of the German Air Service, Naval Air Service and Flanders Marine Corps 1914-1918, pp. 97-98.
  90. ^ Over the Front, pp. 143-144.
  91. ^ Shores, et al (1990). Above the Trenches: A Complete Record of the Fighter Aces and Units of the British Empire Air Forces, 1915-1920. p. 139.
  92. ^ Over the Front, p. 35.
  93. ^ Shores, et al (1990). Above the Trenches: A Complete Record of the Fighter Aces and Units of the British Empire Air Forces, 1915-1920. pp. 142-143.
  94. ^ Over the Front, p. 155.
  95. ^ Shores, et al (1990). Above the Trenches: A Complete Record of the Fighter Aces and Units of the British Empire Air Forces, 1915-1920. p. 145.
  96. ^ Over the Front, p. 36.
  97. ^ Shores, et al (1990). Above the Trenches: A Complete Record of the Fighter Aces and Units of the British Empire Air Forces, 1915-1920. p. 146.
  98. ^ Shores, et al (1990). Above the Trenches: A Complete Record of the Fighter Aces and Units of the British Empire Air Forces, 1915-1920. p. 147.
  99. ^ a b Shores, et al (1990). Above the Trenches: A Complete Record of the Fighter Aces and Units of the British Empire Air Forces, 1915-1920. p. 148.
  100. ^ Shores, et al (1990). Above the Trenches: A Complete Record of the Fighter Aces and Units of the British Empire Air Forces, 1915-1920. p. 150.
  101. ^ Franks, et al, Above the Lines: The Aces and Fighter Units of the German Air Service, Naval Air Service and Flanders Marine Corps 1914-1918, p. 105.
  102. ^ Shores, et al (1990). Above the Trenches, p. 157.
  103. ^ Over the Front, pp. 37-38.
  104. ^ Franks, et al, Above the Lines: The Aces and Fighter Units of the German Air Service, Naval Air Service and Flanders Marine Corps 1914-1918, p. 113.
  105. ^ Over the Front, pp. 164-165.
  106. ^ Shores, et al (1990). Above the Trenches: A Complete Record of the Fighter Aces and Units of the British Empire Air Forces, 1915-1920. p. 164.
  107. ^ Over the Front, p. 38.
  108. ^ Over the Front, pp. 165-166.
  109. ^ Retrieved 24 August 2011.
  110. ^ a b c Shores, et al (1990). Above the Trenches: A Complete Record of the Fighter Aces and Units of the British Empire Air Forces, 1915-1920. p. 167.
  111. ^ Franks, et al, Above the Lines: The Aces and Fighter Units of the German Air Service, Naval Air Service and Flanders Marine Corps 1914-1918, pp. 114-115.
  112. ^ a b Shores, et al (1990). Above the Trenches: A Complete Record of the Fighter Aces and Units of the British Empire Air Forces, 1915-1920. p. 171.
  113. ^ Shores, et al (1990). Above the Trenches: A Complete Record of the Fighter Aces and Units of the British Empire Air Forces, 1915-1920. p. 172.
  114. ^ Shores, et al (1990). Above the Trenches: A Complete Record of the Fighter Aces and Units of the British Empire Air Forces, 1915-1920. p. 174.
  115. ^ a b Shores, et al (1990). Above the Trenches: A Complete Record of the Fighter Aces and Units of the British Empire Air Forces, 1915-1920. p. 175.
  116. ^ Over the Front, p. 39.
  117. ^ Over the Front, p. 168.
  118. ^ Over the Front, pp. 169-170.
  119. ^ Franks, et al, Above the Lines: The Aces and Fighter Units of the German Air Service, Naval Air Service and Flanders Marine Corps 1914-1918, p. 120.
  120. ^ Franks, et al, Above the Lines: The Aces and Fighter Units of the German Air Service, Naval Air Service and Flanders Marine Corps 1914-1918, p. 121.
  121. ^ Over the Front, p. 35.
  122. ^ Over the Front, pp. 173-174.
  123. ^ a b Shores, et al (1990). Above the Trenches: A Complete Record of the Fighter Aces and Units of the British Empire Air Forces, 1915-1920. p. 181.
  124. ^ Shores, et al (1990). Above the Trenches, pp. 181-182.
  125. ^ Over the Front, p. 174.
  126. ^ Shores, et al (1990). Above the Trenches: A Complete Record of the Fighter Aces and Units of the British Empire Air Forces, 1915-1920. p. 184.
  127. ^ Franks, et al, Above the Lines: The Aces and Fighter Units of the German Air Service, Naval Air Service and Flanders Marine Corps 1914-1918, p. 123.
  128. ^ Over the Front, p. 174.
  129. ^ Over the Front, pp. 174-175.
  130. ^ Shores, et al (1990). Above the Trenches: A Complete Record of the Fighter Aces and Units of the British Empire Air Forces, 1915-1920. pp. 188-189.
  131. ^ Shores, et al (1990). Above the Trenches: A Complete Record of the Fighter Aces and Units of the British Empire Air Forces, 1915-1920. p. 189.
  132. ^ Shores, et al (1990). Above the Trenches: A Complete Record of the Fighter Aces and Units of the British Empire Air Forces, 1915-1920. p. 191.
  133. ^ Over the Front, pp. 43-44.
  134. ^ Over the Front, p. 178.
  135. ^ Shores, et al (1990). Above the Trenches: A Complete Record of the Fighter Aces and Units of the British Empire Air Forces, 1915-1920. p. 200.
  136. ^ Shores, et al (1990). Above the Trenches: A Complete Record of the Fighter Aces and Units of the British Empire Air Forces, 1915-1920. p. 201.
  137. ^ Shores, et al (1990). Above the Trenches: A Complete Record of the Fighter Aces and Units of the British Empire Air Forces, 1915-1920. p. 203.
  138. ^ Shores, et al (1990). Above the Trenches: A Complete Record of the Fighter Aces and Units of the British Empire Air Forces, 1915-1920. p. 204.
  139. ^ a b Shores, et al (1990). Above the Trenches: A Complete Record of the Fighter Aces and Units of the British Empire Air Forces, 1915-1920. p. 205.
  140. ^ Shores, et al (1990). Above the Trenches: A Complete Record of the Fighter Aces and Units of the British Empire Air Forces, 1915-1920. p. 206.
  141. ^ Over the Front, pp. 179-180.
  142. ^ a b Shores, et al (1990). Above the Trenches: A Complete Record of the Fighter Aces and Units of the British Empire Air Forces, 1915-1920. p. 210.
  143. ^ Franks, et al, Above the Lines: The Aces and Fighter Units of the German Air Service, Naval Air Service and Flanders Marine Corps 1914-1918, p. 139.
  144. ^ Franks, et al, Above the Lines: The Aces and Fighter Units of the German Air Service, Naval Air Service and Flanders Marine Corps 1914-1918, p. 139.
  145. ^ Over the Front, pp. 50-51.
  146. ^ Franks, et al, Above the Lines: The Aces and Fighter Units of the German Air Service, Naval Air Service and Flanders Marine Corps 1914-1918, p. 147.
  147. ^ Franks, et al, Above the Lines: The Aces and Fighter Units of the German Air Service, Naval Air Service and Flanders Marine Corps 1914-1918, p. 149.
  148. ^ Shores, et al (1990). Above the Trenches: A Complete Record of the Fighter Aces and Units of the British Empire Air Forces, 1915-1920. p. 229.
  149. ^ Shores, et al (1990). Above the Trenches: A Complete Record of the Fighter Aces and Units of the British Empire Air Forces, 1915-1920. p. 232.
  150. ^ Shores, et al (1990). Above the Trenches: A Complete Record of the Fighter Aces and Units of the British Empire Air Forces, 1915-1920. p. 233.
  151. ^ Shores, et al (1990). Above the Trenches: A Complete Record of the Fighter Aces and Units of the British Empire Air Forces, 1915-1920. p. 234.
  152. ^ Over the Front, p. 183.
  153. ^ Shores, et al (1990). Above the Trenches: A Complete Record of the Fighter Aces and Units of the British Empire Air Forces, 1915-1920. p. 238.
  154. ^ Over the Front: A Complete Record of the Fighter Aces and Units of the United States and French Air Services, 1914-1918. p. 185. 
  155. ^ Franks, et al, Above the Lines: The Aces and Fighter Units of the German Air Service, Naval Air Service and Flanders Marine Corps 1914-1918, p. 155.
  156. ^ Over the Front, p. 186.
  157. ^ a b Shores, et al (1990). Above the Trenches: A Complete Record of the Fighter Aces and Units of the British Empire Air Forces, 1915-1920. p. 240.
  158. ^ Shores, et al (1990). Above the Trenches: A Complete Record of the Fighter Aces and Units of the British Empire Air Forces, 1915-1920. p. 242.
  159. ^ Franks, et al, Above the Lines: The Aces and Fighter Units of the German Air Service, Naval Air Service and Flanders Marine Corps 1914-1918, p. 158.
  160. ^ Shores, et al (1990). Above the Trenches: A Complete Record of the Fighter Aces and Units of the British Empire Air Forces, 1915-1920. p. 246.
  161. ^ Shores, et al (1990). Above the Trenches: A Complete Record of the Fighter Aces and Units of the British Empire Air Forces, 1915-1920. pp. 246-247.
  162. ^ Shores, et al (1990). Above the Trenches: A Complete Record of the Fighter Aces and Units of the British Empire Air Forces, 1915-1920. p. 247.
  163. ^ Shores, et al (1990). Above the Trenches: A Complete Record of the Fighter Aces and Units of the British Empire Air Forces, 1915-1920. pp. 250-251.
  164. ^ Shores, et al (1990). Above the Trenches: A Complete Record of the Fighter Aces and Units of the British Empire Air Forces, 1915-1920. p. 252.
  165. ^ Over the Front, pp. 59-60.
  166. ^ Shores, et al (1990). Above the Trenches: A Complete Record of the Fighter Aces and Units of the British Empire Air Forces, 1915-1920. p. 254.
  167. ^ a b Shores, et al (1990). Above the Trenches: A Complete Record of the Fighter Aces and Units of the British Empire Air Forces, 1915-1920. p. 257.
  168. ^ Franks, et al, Above the Lines: The Aces and Fighter Units of the German Air Service, Naval Air Service and Flanders Marine Corps 1914-1918, p. 162.
  169. ^ Shores, et al (1990). Above the Trenches: A Complete Record of the Fighter Aces and Units of the British Empire Air Forces, 1915-1920. p. 266.
  170. ^ Shores, et al (1990). Above the Trenches: A Complete Record of the Fighter Aces and Units of the British Empire Air Forces, 1915-1920. p. 277.
  171. ^ a b Shores, et al (1990). Above the Trenches: A Complete Record of the Fighter Aces and Units of the British Empire Air Forces, 1915-1920. p. 278.
  172. ^ Shores, et al (1990). Above the Trenches: A Complete Record of the Fighter Aces and Units of the British Empire Air Forces, 1915-1920. p. 280.
  173. ^ Franks, et al, Above the Lines: The Aces and Fighter Units of the German Air Service, Naval Air Service and Flanders Marine Corps 1914-1918, p. 166.
  174. ^ Over the Front, p. 61.
  175. ^ Shores, et al (1990). Above the Trenches: A Complete Record of the Fighter Aces and Units of the British Empire Air Forces, 1915-1920. p. 282.
  176. ^ Shores, et al (1990). Above the Trenches: A Complete Record of the Fighter Aces and Units of the British Empire Air Forces, 1915-1920. p. 284.
  177. ^ Over the Front, pp. 194-195.
  178. ^ a b c Shores, et al (1990). Above the Trenches: A Complete Record of the Fighter Aces and Units of the British Empire Air Forces, 1915-1920. p. 286.
  179. ^ Retrieved 25 August 2011.
  180. ^ Shores, et al (1990). Above the Trenches: A Complete Record of the Fighter Aces and Units of the British Empire Air Forces, 1915-1920. p. 287.
  181. ^ Shores, et al (1990). Above the Trenches: A Complete Record of the Fighter Aces and Units of the British Empire Air Forces, 1915-1920. p. 290.
  182. ^ Shores, et al (1990). Above the Trenches: A Complete Record of the Fighter Aces and Units of the British Empire Air Forces, 1915-1920. p. 291.
  183. ^ Shores, et al (1990). Above the Trenches: A Complete Record of the Fighter Aces and Units of the British Empire Air Forces, 1915-1920. p. 293.
  184. ^ Over the Front, p. 61-62.
  185. ^ Franks, et al, Above the Lines: The Aces and Fighter Units of the German Air Service, Naval Air Service and Flanders Marine Corps 1914-1918, pp. 176-177.
  186. ^ Shores, et al (1990). Above the Trenches: A Complete Record of the Fighter Aces and Units of the British Empire Air Forces, 1915-1920. p. 295.
  187. ^ Over the Front, p. 62.
  188. ^ Over the Front, p. 201.
  189. ^ Shores, et al (1990). Above the Trenches: A Complete Record of the Fighter Aces and Units of the British Empire Air Forces, 1915-1920. p. 298.
  190. ^ Over the Front, pp. 202-203.
  191. ^ a b Shores, et al (1990). Above the Trenches: A Complete Record of the Fighter Aces and Units of the British Empire Air Forces, 1915-1920. p. 301.
  192. ^ Over the Front, p. 205.
  193. ^ Retrieved 25 August 2011.
  194. ^ Shores, et al (1990). Above the Trenches: A Complete Record of the Fighter Aces and Units of the British Empire Air Forces, 1915-1920. p. 304.
  195. ^ Over the Front, p. 208.
  196. ^ Shores, et al (1990). Above the Trenches: A Complete Record of the Fighter Aces and Units of the British Empire Air Forces, 1915-1920. p. 306.
  197. ^ Over the Front, p. 65.
  198. ^ Over the Front, pp. 208-209.
  199. ^ Shores, et al (1990). Above the Trenches: A Complete Record of the Fighter Aces and Units of the British Empire Air Forces, 1915-1920. pp. 306-307.
  200. ^ Shores, et al (1990). Above the Trenches: A Complete Record of the Fighter Aces and Units of the British Empire Air Forces, 1915-1920. p. 308.
  201. ^ Shores, et al (1990). Above the Trenches: A Complete Record of the Fighter Aces and Units of the British Empire Air Forces, 1915-1920. p. 312.
  202. ^ http://www.theaerodrome.com/aces/usa/ralston2.php Retrieved 18 October 2011.
  203. ^ Shores, et al (1990). Above the Trenches: A Complete Record of the Fighter Aces and Units of the British Empire Air Forces, 1915-1920. p. 314.
  204. ^ Franks, et al, Above the Lines: The Aces and Fighter Units of the German Air Service, Naval Air Service and Flanders Marine Corps 1914-1918, p. 185.
  205. ^ Over the Front, p. 212.
  206. ^ Retrieved 25 August 2011.
  207. ^ Over the Front, pp. 212-213.
  208. ^ Over the Front, p. 213.
  209. ^ Shores, et al (1990). Above the Trenches: A Complete Record of the Fighter Aces and Units of the British Empire Air Forces, 1915-1920. p. 322.
  210. ^ Over the Front, p. 213.
  211. ^ Franks, et al, Above the Lines: The Aces and Fighter Units of the German Air Service, Naval Air Service and Flanders Marine Corps 1914-1918, p. 191.
  212. ^ Franks, et al, Above the Lines: The Aces and Fighter Units of the German Air Service, Naval Air Service and Flanders Marine Corps 1914-1918, p. 193.
  213. ^ Over the Front, p. 215.
  214. ^ Franks, et al, Above the Lines: The Aces and Fighter Units of the German Air Service, Naval Air Service and Flanders Marine Corps 1914-1918, p. 193.
  215. ^ Franks, et al, Above the Lines: The Aces and Fighter Units of the German Air Service, Naval Air Service and Flanders Marine Corps 1914-1918, p. 193.
  216. ^ Shores, et al (1990). Above the Trenches: A Complete Record of the Fighter Aces and Units of the British Empire Air Forces, 1915-1920. p. 329.
  217. ^ Over the Front, pp. 217-218.
  218. ^ Franks, et al, Above the Lines: The Aces and Fighter Units of the German Air Service, Naval Air Service and Flanders Marine Corps 1914-1918, p. 201.
  219. ^ Franks, et al, Above the Lines: The Aces and Fighter Units of the German Air Service, Naval Air Service and Flanders Marine Corps 1914-1918, pp. 203-204.
  220. ^ Franks, et al, Above the Lines: The Aces and Fighter Units of the German Air Service, Naval Air Service and Flanders Marine Corps 1914-1918, p. 206.
  221. ^ Franks, et al, Above the Lines: The Aces and Fighter Units of the German Air Service, Naval Air Service and Flanders Marine Corps 1914-1918, pp. 206-207.
  222. ^ Franks, et al, Above the Lines: The Aces and Fighter Units of the German Air Service, Naval Air Service and Flanders Marine Corps 1914-1918, p. 208.
  223. ^ Shores, et al (1990). Above the Trenches: A Complete Record of the Fighter Aces and Units of the British Empire Air Forces, 1915-1920. p. 333.
  224. ^ Shores, et al (1990). Above the Trenches: A Complete Record of the Fighter Aces and Units of the British Empire Air Forces, 1915-1920. p. 334.
  225. ^ Over the Front, p. 70.
  226. ^ Franks, et al, Above the Lines: The Aces and Fighter Units of the German Air Service, Naval Air Service and Flanders Marine Corps 1914-1918, p. 209.
  227. ^ Shores, et al (1990). Above the Trenches: A Complete Record of the Fighter Aces and Units of the British Empire Air Forces, 1915-1920. p. 335.
  228. ^ Shores, et al (1990). Above the Trenches: A Complete Record of the Fighter Aces and Units of the British Empire Air Forces, 1915-1920. p. 337.
  229. ^ Franks, et al, Above the Lines: The Aces and Fighter Units of the German Air Service, Naval Air Service and Flanders Marine Corps 1914-1918, p. 210.
  230. ^ Over the Front, pp. 71-72.
  231. ^ Shores, et al (1990). Above the Trenches: A Complete Record of the Fighter Aces and Units of the British Empire Air Forces, 1915-1920. p. 338.
  232. ^ Shores, et al (1990). Above the Trenches: A Complete Record of the Fighter Aces and Units of the British Empire Air Forces, 1915-1920. p. 341.
  233. ^ Shores, et al (1990). Above the Trenches: A Complete Record of the Fighter Aces and Units of the British Empire Air Forces, 1915-1920. p. 342.
  234. ^ Shores, et al (1990). Above the Trenches: A Complete Record of the Fighter Aces and Units of the British Empire Air Forces, 1915-1920. pp. 343-344.
  235. ^ a b Shores, et al (1990). Above the Trenches: A Complete Record of the Fighter Aces and Units of the British Empire Air Forces, 1915-1920. p. 344.
  236. ^ Franks, et al, Above the Lines: The Aces and Fighter Units of the German Air Service, Naval Air Service and Flanders Marine Corps 1914-1918, p. 210.
  237. ^ Shores, et al (1990). Above the Trenches: A Complete Record of the Fighter Aces and Units of the British Empire Air Forces, 1915-1920. p. 350.
  238. ^ Franks, et al, Above the Lines: The Aces and Fighter Units of the German Air Service, Naval Air Service and Flanders Marine Corps 1914-1918, p. 212.
  239. ^ Shores, et al (1990). Above the Trenches: A Complete Record of the Fighter Aces and Units of the British Empire Air Forces, 1915-1920. p. 351.
  240. ^ Shores, et al (1990). Above the Trenches: A Complete Record of the Fighter Aces and Units of the British Empire Air Forces, 1915-1920. p. 352.
  241. ^ Shores, et al (1990). Above the Trenches: A Complete Record of the Fighter Aces and Units of the British Empire Air Forces, 1915-1920. p. 353.
  242. ^ Franks, et al, Above the Lines: The Aces and Fighter Units of the German Air Service, Naval Air Service and Flanders Marine Corps 1914-1918, p. 212.
  243. ^ Over the Front, p. 74.
  244. ^ Franks, et al, Above the Lines: The Aces and Fighter Units of the German Air Service, Naval Air Service and Flanders Marine Corps 1914-1918, p. 213.
  245. ^ Shores, et al (1990). Above the Trenches: A Complete Record of the Fighter Aces and Units of the British Empire Air Forces, 1915-1920. p. 358.
  246. ^ Over the Front, p. 75.
  247. ^ Franks, et al (1993) Above the Lines: The Aces and Fighter Units of the German Air Service, Naval Air Service and Flanders Marine Corps 1914–1918, p. 216.
  248. ^ Franks, et al, Above the Lines: The Aces and Fighter Units of the German Air Service, Naval Air Service and Flanders Marine Corps 1914-1918, p. 216.
  249. ^ Shores, et al (1990). Above the Trenches: A Complete Record of the Fighter Aces and Units of the British Empire Air Forces, 1915-1920. p. 364.
  250. ^ Shores, et al (1990). Above the Trenches. p. 365.
  251. ^ Over the Front, pp. 76-77.
  252. ^ Franks, et al, Above the Lines: The Aces and Fighter Units of the German Air Service, Naval Air Service and Flanders Marine Corps 1914-1918, p. 217.
  253. ^ Shores, et al (1990). Above the Trenches: A Complete Record of the Fighter Aces and Units of the British Empire Air Forces, 1915-1920. p. 367.
  254. ^ Shores, et al (1990). Above the Trenches: A Complete Record of the Fighter Aces and Units of the British Empire Air Forces, 1915-1920. p. 369.
  255. ^ Shores, et al (1990). Above the Trenches: A Complete Record of the Fighter Aces and Units of the British Empire Air Forces, 1915-1920. p. 370.
  256. ^ Franks, et al, Above the Lines: The Aces and Fighter Units of the German Air Service, Naval Air Service and Flanders Marine Corps 1914-1918, p. 221.
  257. ^ Over the Front, p. 222.
  258. ^ Franks, et al, Above the Lines: The Aces and Fighter Units of the German Air Service, Naval Air Service and Flanders Marine Corps 1914-1918, p. 223.
  259. ^ Over the Front, pp. 223-224.
  260. ^ Franks, et al, Above the Lines: The Aces and Fighter Units of the German Air Service, Naval Air Service and Flanders Marine Corps 1914-1918, p. 225.
  261. ^ Retrieved 25 August 2011.
  262. ^ Shores, et al (1990). Above the Trenches: A Complete Record of the Fighter Aces and Units of the British Empire Air Forces, 1915-1920. p. 373.
  263. ^ Shores, et al (1990). Above the Trenches: A Complete Record of the Fighter Aces and Units of the British Empire Air Forces, 1915-1920. p. 375.
  264. ^ Franks, et al, Above the Lines: The Aces and Fighter Units of the German Air Service, Naval Air Service and Flanders Marine Corps 1914-1918, pp. 226-227.
  265. ^ a b Shores, et al (1990). Above the Trenches: A Complete Record of the Fighter Aces and Units of the British Empire Air Forces, 1915-1920. p. 379.
  266. ^ Over the Front, p. 227.
  267. ^ Shores, et al (1990). Above the Trenches: A Complete Record of the Fighter Aces and Units of the British Empire Air Forces, 1915-1920. p. 383.
  268. ^ Shores, et al (1990). Above the Trenches: A Complete Record of the Fighter Aces and Units of the British Empire Air Forces, 1915-1920. p. 384.
  269. ^ a b Shores, et al (1990). Above the Trenches: A Complete Record of the Fighter Aces and Units of the British Empire Air Forces, 1915-1920. p. 385.
  270. ^ Shores, et al (1990). Above the Trenches: A Complete Record of the Fighter Aces and Units of the British Empire Air Forces, 1915-1920. p. 386.
  271. ^ Shores, et al (1990). Above the Trenches: A Complete Record of the Fighter Aces and Units of the British Empire Air Forces, 1915-1920. p. 388.
  272. ^ Franks, et al, Above the Lines: The Aces and Fighter Units of the German Air Service, Naval Air Service and Flanders Marine Corps 1914-1918, p. 232.
  273. ^ a b Shores, et al (1990). Above the Trenches: A Complete Record of the Fighter Aces and Units of the British Empire Air Forces, 1915-1920. p. 390.
  274. ^ a b Shores, et al (1990). Above the Trenches: A Complete Record of the Fighter Aces and Units of the British Empire Air Forces, 1915-1920. p. 391.
  275. ^ Retrieved 25 August 2011.
  276. ^ Franks, et al, Above the Lines: The Aces and Fighter Units of the German Air Service, Naval Air Service and Flanders Marine Corps 1914-1918, p. 234.
  277. ^ Shores, et al (1990). Above the Trenches: A Complete Record of the Fighter Aces and Units of the British Empire Air Forces, 1915-1920. p. 392.
  278. ^ World War I Aces by Victories

Bibliography

Further reading

External links

References